Carl Jung claimed that there was a collective unconscious consisting of archetypes or primordial images. These are not individually acquired but are inherited. According to him, for achieving unity and wholeness, a person must become increasingly aware of the wisdom available in one's personal and collective unconscious and must learn to live in harmony with it.

Freidman & Rosenman classified individuals on the basis of psychosocial risk factors.

1. Type A personality individuals seem to possess high motivation, tlack patience, feel short of time, be in a great hurry and feel like being always burdened with work. Such people find it difficult to slow down and relax.

2. People are more susceptible to problems like hypertension and coronary heart diseases.

3. The risk of developing CHD with Type A personality is sometimes even greater than the risk caused by high blood pressure, smoking or high cholesterol levels.

A.

Interpersonal intelligence

Alfred Adler's theory is known as individual psychology.

1. Adler basic assumption is that human behaviour is purposeful and goal-directed.
2. Every one of us has the capacity to choose and create.
3. Our personal goals are the sources of our motivation.
4. The goals that provide us with security and help us in overcoming the feelings of inadequacy are important in our personality development.
5. Alfred Adler‟s view – every individual suffers from „feeling of inferiority‟ that are experienced during infancy and childhood. During childhood, child is helpless and depends on others for help and support.

Karen Horney – Optimism

1. Karen Horney advocated for a more optimistic view of human life with emphasis on Human Growth and Self-actualisation. She emphasised on the importance of social relationships in personality development.
2. Psychological disorders were caused by disturbed interpersonal relationship during childhood.
3. Basic anxiety – refers to the feeling of a child being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world.

Interview: Interview is a commonly used method for assessing personality. This involves talking to the person being assessed and asking specific questions.Interviews may be
structured or unstructured depending on the purpose or goals of assessment.

In unstructured interviews, the interviewer seeks to develop an impression about a person by asking a number of questions.

The structured interviews address very specific questions and follow a set procedure.

Observation: It is the specialised procedure and requires appropriate training. For example, a psychologist may want to observe a client's interaction with his/her family members.

Situational tests: These provide information on how a person behaves under stressful situations. The tests involve role plays for which the selling could be realistic or created through a video play.

Behavioural ratings: These are used for assessment of personality in educational and industrial settings. These ratings are taken from people who have known the subject for a period of time. This involves the use of descriptive adjectives.